Access to fair, affordable credit is the foundation of financial mobility. JBI examines how algorithmic bias, predatory lending, and structural exclusion from mainstream banking deny communities of color access to the credit they need to build wealth — and push them toward high-cost alternatives that compound disadvantage.
Credit
51%
of Black Gen Z used a payday loan app in the past year — vs. 11% of White Gen Z
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025
5x
the mortgage denial rate disparity: Asian applicants denied at higher rates despite stronger credit profiles
Urban Institute, 2025
44%
of Black off-track aspiring homeowners cite credit score as a barrier — vs. 36% overall
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025
40%
of Black Gen Z incur overdraft fees — 2–3× the rate of White Gen Z (17%)
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025
JBI Research & the 2050 Survey
Key Figures
This tool provides an interactive way to explore the data of JBI's 2050 Survey. Click a topic on the left to jump to that section, or a survey question on the right to view its related data. Once you are within a section, click on the 'Home' icon to return to the main menu.
Our survey confirms that Black Millennials are more optimistic about their households’ financial future than their White contemporaries (46% vs. 31%), despite earning less, having less savings, and receiving far less family financial support. This finding is consistent with a well-documented pattern in research on the financial psychology of the Black community: one that finds a propensity toward optimism in the face of structural adversity and an upward-mobility framework that measures progress against one’s own starting point rather than the progress of peers from other races.
Over 50% of Black Gen Z used a payday loan app or buy-now-pay-later product in the past year - vs. 11% and 28% of White Gen Z. This exposure did not start in adulthood. Black and Latino respondents are far more likely to have grown up in households where high-cost products were used by their parents.
Liz Laderman on April 16, 2026
$6 b in overdraft fees; $2.4 b in payday loan fees; $.7 b in car title loan fees. These enormous sums are extracted every year from families as the result of onerous triple-digit interest rates. Purveyors of high-cost loans like payday loans and auto title loans claim that they are providing funds for households to cover unexpected and occasional emergencies like medical bills or car repairs.