Credit

Access to fair, affordable credit is the foundation of financial mobility. JBI examines how algorithmic bias, predatory lending, and structural exclusion from mainstream banking deny communities of color access to the credit they need to build wealth — and push them toward high-cost alternatives that compound disadvantage.

51%

of Black Gen Z used a payday loan app in the past year — vs. 11% of White Gen Z
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025

5x

the mortgage denial rate disparity: Asian applicants denied at higher rates despite stronger credit profiles
Urban Institute, 2025

44%

of Black off-track aspiring homeowners cite credit score as a barrier — vs. 36% overall
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025

40%

of Black Gen Z incur overdraft fees — 2–3× the rate of White Gen Z (17%)
JBI 2050 Survey, 2025

JBI Research & the 2050 Survey

Key Figures

By 2050 the communities with the highest entrepreneurial ambition will be the majority of this country. Former JBI President Mitria Wilson-Spotser talks with Shannan Herbert, CEO & President of the Washington Area Community Investment Fund, Inc. (WACIF) about what will it take to meet this moment head-on. Find this episode on your podcast platform.
Like generations that came before them, Gen Z and Millennials want to own homes, start businesses, retire comfortably, and leave something for their loved ones. However, not everyone has an equal chance of achieving these ambitions. Julian Bond Institute’s 2050 Survey, a nationally representative survey of Americans’ financial experiences and aspirations, found that whether Gen Z and Millennials are on track to achieve their financial aspirations is in part determined by the financial resources of their households of origin. Whereas people with intergenerational wealth are more likely to be on track to achieve their own wealth-building goals, those who have faced financial hardships in childhood are more likely to feel off track and more likely to experience further wealth stripping from high-cost credit products. Drawing on data from the 2050 Survey, we illustrate the uneven playing field of intergenerational wealth in six charts. Policymakers and financial institutions must act now to close access gaps and rein in predatory credit products, so that young Americans can achieve their financial ambitions regardless of the financial resources of their family of upbringing.
The Viewpoint is the official podcast of the Julian Bond institute for Financial Equity Research at the Center for Responsible Lending. Join us as we discuss economic empowerment, responsible innovation, and a fairer financial landscape, while offering practical takeaways and forward-looking ideas that can shape policy, financial markets, and your everyday financial decisions.
Kings Floyd, Sara Weiss, Ellen Harnick on August 05, 2026
It’s no longer up for debate: the United States is in the grip of an affordability crisis. Americans of every kind have less money to cover their core expenses. But while rising prices and stagnant wage growth is challenging for any household to manage, these challenges hit people with disabilities especially hard. What tools are available to those of us who get caught in a personal crisis on top of the broader affordability crisis? Unfortunately, the answer is: not many, and many of the most accessible ones are also profoundly predatory. In this commentary, The Century Foundation and the Center for Responsible Lending have teamed up to look at an increasingly popular, but exceptionally dangerous, set of financial products and their impact on the disability community—payday loans. When the Only Options Are Bad Options It’s important to first establish that while we’re talking about consumer products that one can “choose” to use or not to use, in practice, there often isn’t any meaningful choice in the matter at all. Many of us have been there, especially in this economy: you’ve been making it work, paycheck-to-paycheck, but something comes up—an unexpected medical or vet bill, car maintenance, a heat wave spiking…
This tool provides an interactive way to explore the data of JBI's 2050 Survey. Click a topic on the left to jump to that section, or a survey question on the right to view its related data. Once you are within a section, click on the 'Home' icon to return to the main menu. The dashboard is optimized for a desktop experience and is not available on a mobile device.
Our survey confirms that Black Millennials are more optimistic about their households’ financial future than their White contemporaries (46% vs. 31%), despite earning less, having less savings, and receiving far less family financial support. This finding is consistent with a well-documented pattern in research on the financial psychology of the Black community: one that finds a propensity toward optimism in the face of structural adversity and an upward-mobility framework that measures progress against one’s own starting point rather than the progress of peers from other races.
Liz Laderman on July 30, 2026
$6 b in overdraft fees; $2.4 b in payday loan fees; $.7 b in car title loan fees. These enormous sums are extracted every year from families as the result of onerous triple-digit interest rates. Purveyors of high-cost loans like payday loans and auto title loans claim that they are providing funds for households to cover unexpected and occasional emergencies like medical bills or car repairs.

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